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This
is a resource companion to Learning
About the Human Genome, Part 1: Challenge to Science
Educators (Haury, 2001).
The resources identified below are provided to
assist educators in meeting the challenges discussed in
Part 1. An
indication of the potential linkages between the HGP and
the National Science Education Standards is included,
along with Web resources and instructional materials
that can serve as starting places in developing school
instruction and public outreach programs Linkages to the National Science Education Standards Study
of the HGP provides a unique opportunity to address many
core science education standards in an integrated
manner. The
HGP itself depends on the integration of science,
mathematics, computing, and other technologies, and the
resulting knowledge relates to many of the unifying
concepts and content areas of the national standards. The following broad areas of the National Standards seem particularly relevant in learning about the
HGP: •
Each of the following concepts are integral to
the activities and findings of the HGP K-12 Unifying concepts: Systems,
order, and organization Evidence, models,
and explanation Constancy, change,
and measurement Evolution and
equilibrium Form and function •
Involving students in HGP-related investigations
will extend the traditional concept of inquiry to
include the computational sciences and an understanding
of the techniques and reasoning patterns associated with
constructing genetic maps Science as Inquiry Abilities
necessary to do scientific inquiry Understandings about
scientific inquiry •
Many aspects of life science relate to the HGP,
but concepts in the following areas seem most relevant: Life Science The
cell Molecular basis of
heredity Biological evolution
•
One of the key opportunities in teaching and
learning about the HGP is that it provides a rich
context for studying problem solving and the
relationships among the sciences and many technologies.
As fields of biotechnology develop and assume
more importance to our daily lives, it will become
increasingly important to help students understand the
connections between science and technology. Science and Technology Abilities
of technological design Understandings about
science and technology •
The findings of the HGP directly relate to
personal and community health Science in Personal and Social Perspectives Personal
and community health •
Study of the HGP provides a unique opportunity to
examine a rapidly developing field of knowledge that is
expanding our concept of scientific enterprise.
As a human endeavor, the HGP also presents to
society many decisions having serious ethical
dimensions. History and Nature of Science Science
as a human endeavor Nature of scientific
knowledge Historical
perspectives HGP on the Web Human Genome Project
Information This
is a gateway to a large array of resources related to
the HGP. Following
are pages of particular relevance to educators: •
Human Chromosome Launchpad http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/launchpad/ •
Human Genome Sequence Access Sites http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/project/journals/sequencesites.html •
Learning About the Human Genome Project and
Genetics Through the World Wide Web http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/urllist.html •
Genomics and Its Impact on Medicine and Society:
A 2001 Primer http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/primer2001/index.html •
Genetics and Human Genome Project Images http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/education/images.html Functional Genomics (Science) http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/plus/sfg/ News, articles,
education section, many resources and links A guide to online glossaries and dictionaries
related to genomics and genetics http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/plus/sfg/education/glossaries.shtml Genome News Network http://gnn.tigr.org/main.shtml This
online news magazine provides informed coverage of
important developments in genomic research around the
world. Added
resources include
the following primers:
“What is a genome?”
“Assembling the genome,” and “Sequencing
the genome.” Genetics and Ethics http://www.ethics.ubc.ca/brynw/ A clearing house for
information on the social, ethical and policy issues
associated with genetic knowledge and technology; a wide
range of views and perspectives is presented. Cracking the Code of Life (NOVA Online) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/ The companion Web
site to a 2-hour television special that chronicles the
race to sequence the human genome.
A wide range of resources is provided, including
a webcast of the original show. The New Genetics:
A Resource for Students and Teachers http://www4.umdnj.edu/camlbweb/teachgen.html Links to a wide
variety of genetics education resources. DNA Learning Center (Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory) This
website has numerous educational tools including DNA
From the Beginning, an animated primer on the basics
of DNA, genes, and heredity. Other resources include a multimedia guide to genetic
disorders, a biology animation library, DNA-related
databases and search tools designed for educational use,
restriction maps and nucleotide sequences for a set of
plasmids, and other resources for teaching and learning
about DNA. Exploring
Our Molecular Selves Online Multimedia Educational
Kit (National Human Genome Research Institute) http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/educationkit/ The following high
school level modules are available for downloading: Milestones in Genetics: An interactive timeline presenting more than
90 key events in the history of genetics Genes,
Variation, and Human History: Two interactive
classroom activities allow students to study the
similarities and differences among individuals and among
populations How to
Sequence a Genome: An animated, narrated
presentation of the essential steps in sequencing an
organism’s genome Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications: Seven
case studies are presented with discussion questions Exploring Our Molecular Selves: A 3D computer-animated video
illustrating the basic components and principles of
molecular biology. Instructional Materials BSCS
has produced several comprehensive and modular programs
in biology at all levels (http://www.bscs.org/cp.html).
Following are selected inquiry-oriented modules
relating to genetics and the HGP that are available
online or in printed form upon request. The
Human Genome Project: Biology, Computers, and Privacy (1996) http://www.bscs.org/cp_hs_mod_hgp.html This high school
module focuses on information technology as it relates
to the HGP, and it provides teachers with background
information on the construction and use of genetic
databases. The seven activities involve students
directly in the manipulation of hypothetical genomic
data and consideration of concerns about the possible
misuse of generalized and personal genomic data in
healthcare, employment, and insurance. Mapping
and Sequencing the Human Genome: Science, Ethics, and
Public Policy (1997) http://www.bscs.org/cp_hs_mod_mhg.html This high school
module describes the history, organization, and funding
of the HGP and provides teachers background information
about the science and technology used in the HGP as well
as the project’s ethical and public policy dimensions.
Four classroom activities give students experience
working with a database of DNA sequences, analyzing the
genetic contribution to human traits, assessing who
should have access to genetic data, and using knowledge
about our genetics to establish public policy. The
Puzzle of Inheritance: Genetics and the Methods of
Science (1997) http://www.bscs.org/cp_hs_mod_tpi.html This high school
module provides teachers with information about
nontraditional inheritance , including genomic
imprinting, genetic anticipation, mitochondrial
inheritance, and uniparental disomy.
The five activities go beyond the implications
for personal, family, and public health to examine how
these genetic mechanisms reinforce or challenge current
thinking in biology, and how they illustrate the nature
of science. Genes,
Environment, and Human Behavior (2000) http://www.bscs.org/cp_hs_mod_gehb.html This high school
module explores how scientists investigate the genetics
of human behavior, and includes background information
on the methods and assumptions of behavioral genetics.
Five classroom activities introduce students to
the complex interactions of genetic,
developmental, and environmental phenomena on
human behaviors. Bringing RNA Into View: RNA and its Roles in Biology (2000) http://www.bscs.org/cp_co_mod_rna.html This college module
highlights the growing importance of RNA in research on
biological catalysis, molecular self-replication and
evolution, and health and disease.
Background material is provided for the
instructor, and five activities are included for
undergraduate classes in general biology, cellular and
molecular biology, or evolution. Other
Resources Human
Genetic Variation (1999) NIH Curriculum
Supplement (grades 9-12) http://science-education.nih.gov/customers.nsf/HSGenetic This
module introduces students to the basics of human
genetics, its potential to improve human health, and its
application towards understanding human evolution. Five
inquiry-oriented activities are correlated to the
National Science Education Standards, and to several
standard biology textbooks.
The activities are also designed for use with the
highly regarded 5E instructional model. Exploring the Human Genome Your
World/Our World, Volume 5, Issue 2 http://www.bio.org/library/yourworld/v5iss2.htm Your World/Our World is a magazine of biotechnology fundamentals and
applications in healthcare, agriculture, the
environment, and industry, written for students in
grades 7 through 10. This special issue includes
articles on the Human Genome Project; Structure and
Function of DNA; Genes, Proteins, and Genetic Disease;
and others. Reference Haury,
D. L. (2001).
Learning About the
Human Genome, Part 1: Challenge to Science Educators
(ERIC Digest EDO-SE-04-01).
Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse for Science,
Mathematics, and Environmental Education.
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